Thursday, June 28, 2012

Biography of Zhou Enlai




Born March 5, 1898, the word XIANGYU. Pet name, luan. Formerly known as Fei Fei, Wu Hao, a small mountain, crown Health. Shaoxing, Zhejiang origin, was born in Huai'an, Jiangsu. Into the Tianjin Nankai secondary school in 1913. Studied in Japan in 1917. 1919 to return home. Participate in the May Fourth Movement in Tianjin, the organization Juewu She engaged in anti-imperialist, anti-feudal revolutionary activities. 1920 to 1924 have gone to France and Germany, work-study program in Europe, Chinese students and workers to promote Marxism, launched the organization in Europe Chinese Youth Communist Party (later renamed the Chinese Socialist Youth League, in Europe). 1921 transferred to the Communist Party of China (Zhang Shenfu description), he was appointed as the total branch secretary of the Socialist Youth League in Europe, and participated in the leadership of the Chinese Communist Europe branch, covering more work from the early founding a significant role. Returned from Paris in August 1924, former political director of the Whampoa Military Academy, the First Army of the Political Department of the National Revolutionary Army, the chairman of the CPC Guangdong and Guangxi District Standing Committee, and Minister for Military Affairs, presided over the establishment of the party of the direct leadership of the Revolutionary Armed Ye Ting Independent Regiment . In February 1925, October, led by the first and second conquests, to consolidate and develop the revolutionary base in Guangdong and the Northern Expedition made a significant contribution. 1926 in Guangzhou Peasant Movement taught military courses, the same year to Shanghai in the winter, the Central Military Commission, secretary of the CPC Central Committee's Army secretary and Communist China Jiangsu and Zhejiang District. March 1927 led the third armed uprising of the Shanghai workers to win; led the Nanchang Uprising in August, fired the first shot to the Kuomintang reactionaries, have made important contributions to create a people's army, during the intifada of the CPC front committee secretary. The same month in the Chinese Communist "87" meeting, was elected alternate member of the Central Political Bureau. 1928 to attend the party of six, made a report on the military and organizational issues at the meeting. In Shanghai, adhere to the underground work, any Ministers of the Organization of the CPC Central Committee, secretary of the Central Military Commission has published "resolutely purge within the party all non-proletarian consciousness" and the "CPC Central Committee to the Fourth Army Front Committee's Letter of Instruction". The Central Revolutionary Base in December 1931, he served as the Chinese Communist Soviet Central Bureau secretary, general political commissar of the Red Army and the first aspect Jun Zhengwei, Vice-Chairman of the Central Revolutionary Military Commission. 1933 Spring and Zhu De led and directed the fourth against "encirclement and suppression" war, and achieved a major victory. Zunyi Conference in January 1935, strong support for Mao's correct line, for the establishment of Mao Zedong's leadership position in the Party, played a very important role. After the Zunyi Conference, still served as Vice-Chairman of the Central Revolutionary Military Committee, and served as a member of the central three-member military command group. Of the CPC in December 1936 Plenipotentiary to negotiate with Chiang Kai-shek was arrested in Xi'an, the peaceful settlement of the Xi'an Incident. Anti-Japanese War, he served as secretary of the CPC Central Committee representatives and the South Bureau, and served as Vice Minister of the Committee of the Political Department of the KMT government military, long-term work of the party and united front work in the KMT government seat of Wuhan, Chongqing. August 1945 and Mao Zedong in Chongqing, with the KMT struggle to negotiate the signing of the "Double Ten Agreement, the CPC delegation stay in Chongqing and Nanjing. November 1946 from Nanjing to return to Yan'an. Kuomintang troops focus in March 1947 when he moved to attack the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region in northern Shaanxi in August the same year, the Central Military Commission Vice Chairman and Acting Central Military Commission, Chief of General Staff. September 1948, to participate in leadership and command of Liaoning Shenyang, Tianjin, Huaihai three battles, in November the same year, he was appointed vice chairman of the Central Military Commission, Chief of Staff, to overthrow the reactionary rule of the Kuomintang, the armed seizure of power, create a new socialist China. immortal deeds.
    , Served as Prime Minister, Foreign Minister (concurrently) after the founding of the CPC Central Military Commission Vice President, the first session of the CPPCC National Committee Vice-Chairman, Chairman of the second and third. Eighth, Tenth Central Committee, vice chairman of the fifth member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party Politburo member of Communist China six to tenth, the Sixth CPC, the Seventh CPC Central Committee, Politburo Standing Committee of Chinese Communist eight to tenth, the CPC The fourth National People's Congress representatives.
    Responsible for handling the day-to-day affairs of the party and the country at the same time, Mao Zedong formulated the party's socialist construction line, principles and policies; several developing the national economy, five-year plan, he personally presided over the development and organization and implementation. 1960 to adjust, consolidate, enrich and improve the policy, and a series of measures, the national economy has successfully restored and developed. The vast majority of Chinese intellectuals intellectuals of the working people, science and technology in China's modernization drive has a key role in view of great significance in the socialist construction. In international affairs, participate in the formulation and personally to execute a major foreign policy decisions, a series of specific guidelines and policies in diplomatic work, and creatively implement the Party's revolutionary foreign policy line. 1954, initiated the famous Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence. In April 1955, the Chinese delegation to attend the first Asia-Africa Conference, the Conference adopted the ten principles of the Bandung Conference, based on the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence. 1961, to attend 12 of the CPSU two large, the behavior of the Khrushchev group to split the international communist movement, waged a resolute struggle. "Cultural Revolution", the overall situation, hard working, in order to continue normal work of the party and the country, to minimize the loss for the protection of a large number of inside and outside the party cadres, painstaking, and with the conspiracy of Lin Biao and Jiang Qing counterrevolutionary clique forms of struggle. Raised in the Fourth National People's Congress on behalf of the party: the full realization of the modernization of agriculture, industry, national defense and science and technology in this century, the ambitious plan to go in the world so that our national economy. After I became ill in 1972, has always insisted.
    January 8, 1976 passed away in Beijing at age 77.
    The major works compiled for the "Selected Works of Zhou Enlai.
    Mrs. Yingchao.

Mao Zedong's Biography


Mao Zedong (1893 ~ 1976): the great Marxist, proletarian revolutionary, strategist and theorist, Communist Party of China, the People's Liberation Army and the People's Republic of China of the main founders and leaders. Xiangtan, Hunan Province. December 26, 1893, was born in a peasant family. When the new military uprising after the Revolution broke out six months soldiers. 1914 ~ 1918 study in the Hunan First Normal School. Xinmin Society, the eve of graduation, and Hesen Organization revolutionary groups. The May Fourth Movement before and after exposure to and acceptance of Marxism in 1920 to create a communist organization in Hunan.
    In July 1921, the first National People's Congress attended the Chinese Communist Party, he served as the CPC Hunan Committee secretary, leading Changsha, Anyuan workers' movement. 1923, to attend the third CPC National People's Congress, was elected a Central Executive Committee, to participate in the work of the central leadership. The KMT-CPC cooperation after 1924, the KMT first, the second National People's Congress were elected as alternate central executive committee members, who hosted the sixth peasant movement in Guangzhou KMT's Acting Minister of Propaganda Department of the CPC Central Committee, editor of political weekly . In November 1926, the secretary of the CPC Central Committee Farmers' Movement Committee.
    1925 winter solstice, the spring of 1927, has published the analysis of the various social classes, "the Peasant Movement in Hunan Report writings, pointed out that the issue of farmers in an important position in the Chinese revolution and the leadership of the proletariat, the extreme importance of the peasant struggle and criticized Chen Duxiu's rightist ideology.
    Full rupture of the KMT-CPC cooperation, the CPC Central Committee emergency meeting in August 1927, his regime is achieved by the barrel of a gun, thinking that the revolutionary armed seizure of power, and was elected alternate member of the Central Political Bureau. After the Autumn Harvest Uprising in Hunan, Jiangxi border leadership. Then rate the mutinous troops Jinggangshan, launched the agrarian revolution, the creation of the first rural revolutionary base. 1928, joined forces with Zhu De led by mutinous troops, the establishment of the Workers 'and Peasants' Revolutionary Army (soon renamed the Red Army) Fourth Army, he served as party secretary of the Front Committee, Zhu De as Army Commander. He was the main representative of the Chinese Communists from the reality of China, the KMT regime, the relatively weak rural development of armed struggle, creating encircling the cities from rural areas, and finally captured the city and the National Road to Power. In the red regime Why can exist? "A single spark can start a prairie fire" and other writings from the theory expounded on this issue.
    May 1930, write "Oppose Book Worship," and proposed the famous thesis, "No investigation, no right to speak". In August, the Red Army First Front Army was established, to Ren Zongzheng Governance Committee. In 1931, the interim government of the Chinese Soviet Republic was established in Ruijin, Jiangxi, was elected Chairman. 1933 by-election for a member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee. Since the end of 1930, with Zhu De led the Red Army defeated the Kuomintang troops repeatedly "encirclement and suppression". Represented by Wang Ming, "left" after the dump line leadership group to enter the Central Revolutionary Base, Mao Zedong excluded from the Party and the Red Army leadership, they perform different strategies and policies, resulting in the fifth against "encirclement and suppression" the war is lost. In October 1934, participated in the Red Army Long March. The Long March, in January 1935 the CPC Central Committee Political Bureau in Guizhou Province held an enlarged meeting (ie, the Zunyi Conference) established a new central leadership represented by Mao Zedong. In October, the CPC Central Committee and the Red Army arrived in northern Shaanxi, the end of the Long March. In December, for "On Tactics Against Japanese imperialist strategy" to clarify the anti-Japanese national united front policy. In October 1936, the Red Fourth Army and the Red Army Long March and arrive in Gansu Province, has joined forces with the Red Army. Xi'an Incident in December the same year, with Zhou Enlai and others to promote a peaceful solution by the Civil War to the Second Kuomintang against Japan the current situation to convert hub. December 1936, wrote "China's Revolutionary War strategic issues. The summer of 1937, wrote "On Practice" and "On Contradiction.
    After the start of the War of Resistance Against Japan, led by the CPC Central Committee with his adhere to the principle of independence in the united front, efforts to mobilize the masses, carried out behind enemy lines, guerrilla war, the establishment of many large anti-Japanese base areas. Most of these anti-Japanese base in the mountainous areas of North China, but also some in the Hebei Plain and northern Jiangsu plain. October 1938, the Communist expansion of the Sixth Plenary Session of the guiding principles of "Marxism in China". Anti-Japanese War, he published "On Protracted War", "<Communists foreword," On New Democracy "and other important works. 1942, led the whole party to carry out the rectification movement, correct subjectivism and sectarianism, the whole Party to further understand the basic direction of combining the universal truth of Marxism-Leninism and the concrete practice of the Chinese revolution, in order to win the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the victory of the revolution laid the ideological foundation. 1943, the base of the leading soldiers and civilians to carry out production and movement, through a serious economic difficulties. In March the same year, was elected Chairman of the CPC Central Committee Political Bureau. 1945, hosted the Seventh CPC National People's Congress for the "On Coalition Government" report. Established by the General Assembly "let go and mobilize the masses, expanding the power of the people, under the leadership of my party, defeating the Japanese aggressors, liberate the whole people, to establish a new democratic China" strategy. Mao Zedong Thought in the conference was identified as the guiding ideology of the Chinese Communists. Date from the seventh a plenary session until his death in 1976, he has served as party chairman.
    After the victory for Chiang Kai-shek's attempt to destroy the reality of the Communist Party and its armed forces, he proposed the policy of "tit for tat struggle. August 1945 went to the Chongqing negotiations with Chiang Kai-shek that the Chinese Communist Party to fight the desire of domestic peace.
    1946 summer Chiang Kai-shek launched an all-out civil war, Mao Zedong, Zhu De, Zhou Enlai, the leadership of the Chinese People's Liberation Army active defense, concentrating a superior force to destroy the enemy. March 1947 to March 1948, Zhou Enlai and Ren Bishi, fought in northern Shaanxi, commanding the Northwest battlefield and the country's liberation war. In the summer of 1947, the People's Liberation Army from strategic defense to strategic offensive, after the Liaoning-Shenyang, Huai-Hai and Beiping-Tianjin three battles and combat after crossing the Yangtze River in April 1949, overthrew the Nationalist government under the leadership of the CPC Central Committee led to his . In March 1949, hosted the Seventh CPC plenary session, and made an important report, the decision of the party's focus from the countryside to the cities, provides the basic policy of the party in the country after the victory, and called the whole party is sure to remain modest , prudent and free from arrogance and rashness in style, be sure to continue to maintain the style of hard struggle. July 1, published "On the people's democratic dictatorship", provides the basic policy of the People's Republic of the nature of the regime and its internal and external.
    October 1, 1949, the People's Republic of China, he was elected Chairman of the Central People's Government. In June 1950, hosted the Seventh CPC Congress, the general task of the struggle to fight for the national financial and economic situation to improve. In October the same year, forced the U.S. military invaded the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, the threat to the situation in the northeastern part of China, he led by the CPC Central Committee decided to conduct the War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea. 1950 to 1952, under his leadership, land reform, the suppression of counterrevolutionaries and other democratic reforms, carried out against corruption, against waste, against the bureaucracy of the "three evils" campaign for and against bribery, against tax evasion, oppose Pirates state property, cheating against the shoddy work, the "five evils" campaign against the stealing of economic information. 1953, in accordance with his proposal, the CPC Central Committee announced the general line of the party during the transition period, started systematic socialist industrialization and socialist transformation of private ownership of the means of production. 1954, the First National People's Congress for the first time adopted by the Conference he presided over the drafting of the Constitution of the People's Republic of China "at this meeting, he was elected the first President of the People's Republic of China, in office until 1959. Anying, Songlin, Li Na in the Fragrant Hills in April 1956 for "On the Ten Major Relationships" speech in 1949, this speech were suitable for China's road of building socialism with some preliminary exploration. Then, in an enlarged meeting of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee put forward the principle of "letting a hundred flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend". In 1956, the socialist transformation of private ownership of the means of production was basically completed. In September, the CPC held the Eighth National People's Congress, pointed out that the main task of the people across the country has been transformed to focus on the development of social productive forces. But this approach later has not been seriously implemented, resulting in mistakes and setbacks of a series of guiding future work. In February 1957, for his "On the Correct Handling of Contradictions Among the People" speech presented correctly distinguish and deal with the doctrine of socialist society, between ourselves and the enemy and the contradictions of two different types of people.
    In July, proposed to "cause there are both centralism and democracy, both discipline and freedom, both unity of will and personal ease of mind and liveliness, as a political situation". 1958, launched the "Great Leap Forward" and the rural people's commune movement. 1959, presided over the Lushan meeting was convened. He wanted to correct the perceived error, the error later in the session to launch critical for Peng, after the error in the whole party to carry out "anti-rightist" struggle. Imposed on the national economy from the 1960 winter to 1965, under the leadership of the CPC Central Committee led to his "adjustment, consolidation, filling" approach, preliminary to correct the errors in the "Great Leap Forward" and the Movement of People, so that national economy to get a more rapid recovery and development. During this period, he made a series of measures, initially corrected the error of the rural work and other aspects of the "left". May 1965 weighing on Jinggangshan held in September 1962 Plenary Session of the Eighth CPC ten, his socialist society in a certain range of memory in the Class Struggle and absolute development of the anti-rightist in 1957, he struggle after the contradiction between the proletariat and the bourgeoisie is still the view of the principal contradiction in Chinese society. 1963 to 1965, launched in rural and urban socialist education movement, the proposed movement of the focus of the whole so-called "within the party of those in power taking the capitalist road". Since the 1950s, he co-leadership of the Soviet Communist Party leaders to pursue great-power chauvinism and interference in the attempt to control China waged a resolute struggle.
    In 1966, due to the extreme estimates on the situation of the domestic class struggle, he launched a "Cultural Revolution" movement, this movement is due to Lin Biao and Jiang Qing counterrevolutionary clique manipulation becomes particularly violent, far beyond his expectations and his control, as well as the continuation of a decade, so many ways by the severe damage and loss. In the "Cultural Revolution", Mao Zedong to stop and correct some of the specific error. He led the struggle to smash the Lin Biao counterrevolutionary clique, let's ambition to seize supreme leadership of Jiang Qing, Zhang Chunqiao to succeed. In 1974, Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai in the the Zhongnanhai pool living room, shook hands cordially. In foreign policy, Deng Xiaoping put forward the important thinking of "three worlds" strategy, China will never seek hegemony, and began to open a new situation in the external work to create a favorable international conditions for China's modernization drive. September 9, 1976, died in Beijing.
    Mao Zedong in his later years, although guilty of a serious error, but his life, he can not debate the merits of the Chinese revolution far outweigh his mistakes, his achievements was the first error is the second , he is still subject to the respect of the Chinese people. Communist Party of China in five years after his death, his revolutionary activities and revolutionary ideas in the form of the resolution of the Central Committee, a comprehensive evaluation. Mao Zedong Thought as the development of Marxism in China is still the guiding ideology of the Communist Party of China. His major works include income "Selected Works of Mao Zedong" (four volumes), "Mao Zedong" (eight volumes).
    (Text data from the National History Encyclopedia of the People's Republic of China <1949-1999> Encyclopedia of China Press, July 1999)

Japanese monks of aggression against the Japanese monk destruction of relics plundered a large number of ancient books


For scholars, the study of Chinese classical novel, Otani library is not open around the term, especially the eyes of researchers in the Ming and Qing novels the Otani library is a classic that can not be replaced. It can be said that the The Otani library has become a recognized treasure house of a Chinese classic novel, this literary treasure trove of original creator, turned out to be a Japanese monk.

Otani Guangrui, Japanese Buddhist sectarian true West Honganji Temple in Section 22 on behalf of the Law of the Lord. As Japan's Taisho Emperor's brother-in-law, he had enjoyed a high social status in Japan. But as one with the Japanese invading army set foot on Chinese soil predators, the monk dressed in the cloak of cultural archeology, the damage caused to the Chinese cultural relics of the, I am afraid no one can.

Japanese monks prefer cultural archaeological

The of Lushunkou taiyanggou, in the Manchukuo period, once the political, economic and cultural center of the Northeast. Now, in the ancient buildings of the sun ditch everywhere, we can still faintly taste of its glory days.

Compared with the the Gansu Wales House, the State of Kanto Office of grand buildings, sun ditch depths of the army for a Russian-style two-story hillside is not very prominent, but very chic. Days of fine weather, sitting in the small building on the balcony, you can see not far from the Gulf of seagulls foraging. But now this small building has been a long time no one ranking extraordinarily dilapidated, so that local cultural and security sector had to be emergency repairs, maintain its Buzhi Yu collapse. However, if the clock back to over a hundred years ago, this small building, school scenery, many politicians celebrities and out of place, because, once home to a special master, the Japanese Buddhist community heavyweight People: Otani Guangrui.

Otani Guangrui born in 1876, because of their family for generations Nishi Honganji law of the Lord, so Otani Guangrui born, destined to become monks. Statistics show that the Otani Guangrui 10-year-old monk, before the age of 20, has been the heir of religious leaders in the West Honganji temple neatly. Change occurred in 1899, this year Otani Guangrui first came to China in Mainland China traveled more than a month. The trip to China, has a profound impact on the life of Otani, so that he unwittingly becomes a greedy predators from religious leaders in a surreal world.

That short trip to China, the young monk had a keen interest in ancient Chinese culture. He was studying in London, and soon will be funded since the formation of an expedition to explore the traces of Buddhism in the name of the plateau of Kashmir into China's Xinjiang region.

In fact, exploring the Buddha traces the cultural archeology is just a cover, the Otani most interested than plunder. The ancient city, ancient tomb sites, was the excavation of the Otani expedition, he and the Swede Sven Hedin expedition one, in the Xinjiang region of China launched a "Raiders of the Lost World War II".

It should be noted, and Sven Hedin, the Otani Guangrui and his expedition members have not received any archaeological training, they only know that the gravedigger, not even the most basic record-keeping do not know how to do it. That in the mining process, a large number of monuments have been devastation, there are many precious relics even the excavated sites are difficult to explain.

Otani has the organization had three expedition, hundreds of thousands of precious cultural relics in China plunder away, most of these relics by Dalian Port board to be shipped to Japan, which accounted for the largest proportion of the number of Han membership books Beituo of. It is said that only the only existing copies of these books, rare as many as thousands of volumes, the total number of over 40,000. It can be said that the three expeditions let Otani rewarding, can be a great adventure funding and post-classification of costs, Otani into a heavy financial crisis. Coupled Otani bent busy Chinese explorers, resulting in the relaxation of the Temple regulation, monks, the proliferation of corruption phenomenon, The Otani accused by public opinion and therefore was forced to resigned in 1914 the title of Earl of France owners and settlers in the second year to Dalian become a full cultural and religious affairs of the Corporation's behind-the-scenes consultant and member of the Greater East Asia Construction Committee.
A large number of rare treasures were shipped to Japan

The Otani Guangrui is a fanatical supporters of aggression against the Japanese colonial authorities to pursue the expansion, plundering policy pioneer.

1938 for the current situation in "Marco Polo Bridge Incident, wrote a book of the" China Incident Countermeasures ", strongly advocates the expansion of the war of aggression against China, this book was the Japanese Kwantung Army senior regarded as a classic, requiring a high-ranking officers Everyone reading. In addition, Otani also edited and published Xingya plan "GOA FORUM" and other books, spare no effort to advocate the "south" policy.

In addition to a frenzy of aggression against supporters, Otani a hobby, that is collecting the ancient literature of China, a lot of precious Chinese books have become collectibles usurpations. In Dunhuang, his go-getters Yoshikawa bribe small Koizumi, Wang, the Taoist, and smooth the Dunhuang Library Cave where the ancient looted. In the Loulan his other go-getters orange Ruichao geographic coordinates along the Sven Hedin find the ancient city of Loulan, and found from the ancient city of Li Bowen book that shocked the world. Li Bowen book is currently found in the earliest Chinese paper epistle physical specimens, instruments of Po-person, all the instruments found in Loulan the only one historical records contained in figure. Most scholars believe that Li Bowen book is not only an important historical and archaeological value, the calligraphy work of art is also comparable to the Preface comparable. And, as Wang Xizhi's contemporary character, Po-superb calligraphy skills to change the calligraphy, our past "post school originated in Jiangnan" understanding side to prove one of the cradles of the Northwest may also post school ".

Unfortunately, these the majority of rare Chinese books has been the Otani Guangrui a ship a ship transported back to Japan, some of which was for himself, another part was donated to the Korean Government House Museum, Museum of Kyoto, Japan, Ryukoku University Book Museum, as well as all over Japan Museum of Art, part was sold to the relics merchants. Li Bowen book, for example, is Japan, Ryukoku University Library collections.

Otani is not only greedy predators of a Chinese heritage, is also a crazy spoilers. Because he himself did not understand the archeology, the archaeological team, he uses the archaeological know nothing about the young monks, for example, found that Li Bowen book orange Ruichao was just a disgruntled 20-year-old monk, he does not know unearthed The situation at the time to do the record, so that future generations in the study of Li Bowen book, many doubts have been unable to break. These young monks in the archaeological process, often hire local people digging dig chaos, the damage caused by its ruins and monuments, and even worse than thieves.

Fortunately ancient large-scale reflux

Crazy predatory Otani rapidly becoming the world's privately-owned Chinese Classics Book ", for the proper collection of these books, Otani and even spent a lot, the personal library of a reinforced concrete structure built in Kobe" including the show ranks , was called "the mountain Library.

Who would ever have thought that ancient snatched away by Otani, but because of a special opportunity, actually lucky enough to usher in a massive reflux.

That was in April 1915, Otani Guangrui once again arrived in Dalian to attend the inauguration ceremony of Honganji Kanto homes. Full iron level is strongly invited, just resigned from the method main duties near Japanese celebrities on the spot decided not to return home, and settled in Dalian.

The Otani funded to buy at the residence is located in Port Arthur taiyanggou. Two months later, according to his instructions, the believers will be "with show home" the possession of a group of Han Ji 20000, loaded into more than 250 boxes on board arrived in Port Arthur, Kobe, was sent to Otani new homes . He also Port Arthur and Dalian as a base and, after exchanges in Shanghai, Qingdao and Taiwan, engaged with the Japanese invasion of the policy of so-called "academic translation, religious studies, inspections and other political activities, but also did not stop He continued to collect the plunder the work of the Han nationality.

Otani, get a huge subsidy from the South Manchuria Railway Company in November 1925, In return, these Chinese books deposited in the Library of the South Manchuria Railway Company, used to replenish the collection. 1930, Otani Guangrui simply these Chinese books donated to the library. At the same time, the South Manchuria Railway Library in Otani's under the guidance of a large number of collection of Han nationality, and allocate special funds to support the activities.

Otani Guangrui donation to this group of books of the South Manchuria Railway Library, 5,000 volumes of the total of the Han nationality, Western Books of about 300. Which also includes 25 kinds of Japanese wood block prints of more than 170 kinds of Japanese and Han languages, manuscripts. From the perspective of bibliography, they are almost involved in the classification of classical Chinese literature, classics, history, child, set, cluster ministries class. More than 180 species in the Ming and Qing novels, dozens of domestic and foreign only existing copies, which is no lack of rare and rare, such as Ming Edition of "cautionary yin and yang Dream", the early Qing Dynasty edition "Outlaws of the Marsh", has been recognized as a rare treasure of priceless, "wake up the flowers or the world's only complete version, the Qing Emperor Qianlong, the previous edition as much as more than 200 species. 300 Western books, mostly for the occasion of the Ming and Qing Dynasties to the writings of the missionary work in China by Western missionaries.

At that time, Otani may think that Dalian will always be their colony, so boldly these treasures back to Dalian. Unexpected outbreak of Japan's surrender in 1945, Dalian end the humiliation of being colonized, the collection in more than 5,000 copies of the full iron Library precious Han nationality, natural to return to the motherland.

As for the Otani Guangrui, shortly after suffering from bladder cancer is also the defeat of Japan, temporarily in Port Arthur, Japan hotel for two years. Until 1947, the State Council for special approval, Otani was allowed to take the ship back to Japan, and passed away the following year.
Otani Library National Cheng Kung University. Collection of national treasures

After the liberation, Otani library collection in the South Manchuria Railway Library, in addition to more than 600 copies of Dunhuang literature by the National Library of solicitation go the rest of the overall transfer to Dalian Library. "Apart from Japan in the early return of more than 250 boxes of Han nationality, Otani light Shui in Dalian to settle more than 30 years, also has been active with the South Manchuria Railway Company in various parts of China continue to plunder the Han nationality, used to replenish the collection." Dalian Library is responsible for chairing the ancient Ministry the work of Xue Lian teacher told reporters, local County, for example, the South Manchuria Railway Library will a collection of over 1000 County, covering almost all the counties in China, "After the liberation, these Chinese books mostly did not have time taken away, stay in Dalian. "For this reason, the ancient collection of Dalian Library precious, rich, and was able to have been far ahead in the national library of its kind.

Xue Lian said, Now, although the National Library has repeatedly mobilized to go batches of ancient books, but Dalian Library is still a collection of old membership over 550,000 copies of books, of which more than 260,000 copies of the ancient bindings, precious rare books 2000 variety of more than 26,000 volumes. "These are the country's wealth, especially those only existing copies of books, each of this can be said that the study of ancient Chinese history and culture of valuable literature."

Among these, the two major categories of collections the most features: First, full of iron materials is the most complete, full history of iron and scholars at home and abroad, must want to come to Dalian library information; Second, the only existing copies, rare Ming and Qing Feng number of novels, since the advent of the "Golden Lotus" to "A Dream of Red Mansions" print and publish the past 140 years are inscribed these Ming and Qing fiction is Otani library essence.

With this unique advantage, and now Dalian Library has become nationally renowned for its research base of the Ming and Qing fiction, mining has compiled and published over 200 books of the Ming and Qing novels Luoxue Tang Collection ", Dalian Ming and Qing novels in the library center along with the Jiangsu Academy of Social Sciences, Institute of Novel two domestic studies Ming and Qing fiction is the most authoritative institutions.

Dalian Library Business Office is responsible for Wanglian Jun told reporters, the Otani library these novels of the Ming and Qing has not been excavated sorted out before the market in the Ming and Qing novels is the description of Beauty and erotic novels, but Otani library but a lot of the past are rare describing the customs and habits novels, officialdom novel, detective novels, has greatly enriched the types of the Ming and Qing novels, and the descendants of understanding and knowledge of social practices, rituals and other aspects of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, important frame of reference.

Sunday, June 24, 2012

Chinese mitten crab


The actual Chinese language mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis (also called the actual large sluice crab (Chinese language: 大閘蟹; pinyin: dà zhá xiè) as well as Shanghai furry crab, Chinese language: 上海毛蟹; pinyin: shànghǎi máo xiè) is really a medium-sized burrowing crab, called because of its fuzzy paws which seem like mittens, that's indigenous within the seaside estuaries associated with far eastern Asian countries through Korea within the northern towards the Fujian land associated with The far east within the southern. It's additionally already been launched in order to European countries as well as The united states exactly where it's regarded as a good unpleasant varieties.

Explanation as well as ecology
This particular species' differentiating functions would be the thick areas associated with darkish locks upon it's paws. The actual crab's is how big the human being hand. The actual carapace thickness is actually 30-100 millimetres (1. 2-3. 9 within) and also the thighs tend to be regarding two times so long as the actual carapace is actually broad.
Mitten crabs invest the majority of their own existence within clean drinking water, however they should go back to the ocean in order to type. Throughout their 4th or even 5th 12 months within past due summer time, the actual crustaceans migrate downstream, as well as achieve lovemaking maturation within the tidal estuaries. Following mating, the actual women carry on seaward, overwintering within much deeper seas. These people go back to brackish drinking water within the springtime in order to hatch their own ova. Following improvement because larvae, the actual teen crabs progressively proceed upstream in to clean drinking water, therefore finishing the actual existence period. [2]

Unpleasant varieties
This particular varieties may be distribute in order to The united states as well as European countries, increasing issues which this competes along with nearby varieties, and it is burrowing character damage embankments as well as blocks drainage techniques. [3][4] The actual crabs could make substantial away from the coast migrations. It had been documented within the Birmingham Night Regular within 1995 how the citizens associated with Greenwich noticed Chinese language mitten crabs appearing out of the actual Water Thames as well as shifting for the Traditional, along with other reviews show how the crabs happen to be recognized to occupy home within pools. Occasionally the actual crabs happen to be discovered countless kilometers in the ocean. There's issue within places having a considerable indigenous crab fishery, like the Chesapeake These types of within Annapolis and also the Hudson Water within Ny (each areas in which the crabs had been very first noticed within 2005), since the effect from the intrusion through this particular varieties about the indigenous populace is actually unfamiliar. [5]
It's usually unlawful in order to transfer, transportation, or even have reside Chinese language mitten crabs in the usa, [6] because unintentional discharge or even get away dangers distributing these types of crabs in order to uninfested seas. Additionally, a few says might have their very own limitations upon ownership associated with mitten crabs. [7] Ca enables angling with regard to mitten crabs along with a few limitations. [8]
The actual Chinese language mitten crab may be launched to the Excellent Ponds many times, however haven't however had the opportunity to determine the long term populace. [9]
The actual Smithsonian is actually monitoring the actual distribute from the Chinese language mitten crab as well as looking for assist to look for the present submission standing from the mitten crab within the actual Chesapeake These types of area. Individuals are urged in order to statement any kind of mitten crab sightings, together with particulars (day, particular area, dimension) as well as the close-up picture or even example of beauty if at all possible. The very first verified report across the Eastern coastline associated with america, is at the actual Chesapeake These types of close to Baltimore, Annapolis within 2005. [10]
[edit]Culinary



Furry crab because Shanghai food
The actual crab is actually the well-known treat within Shanghai food and it is valued for that woman crab roe. The actual crab beef is actually thought through the Chinese language to possess a "cooling" (yin) impact on your body. Issues happen to be elevated how the populace as well as source from the crab might be impacted due to overfishing from the varieties within the Yangtze Water.
Chinese language invest countless yuan simply to flavor a little crab through Yangcheng River that are regarded as the treat. The actual crabs price 680-700 yuan, or even approximately US$105, for each kilogram. [11] The majority of the actual Yangcheng crabs tend to be exported in order to Shanghai as well as Hong Kong, as well as high-profit international marketplaces. Answering the actual distribute from the crab towards the Western, entrepreneurs possess began viewing this like a brand new supply of crab for that Chinese language marketplace. 1 suggested plan entails adding undesirable crabs through European countries, exactly where they're seen as an insect, in order to renew nearby pure-bred share.
Mitten crabs possess showed an amazing capability to endure within extremely altered marine habitats, such as contaminated seas. [2] Such as a few seafood, they are able to additionally very easily endure as well as customer base large alloys, for example cadmium as well as mercury. Consequently, the actual harvesting as well as post-harvesting from the varieties requirements correct administration if it's utilized like a meals. [12][13]
Lately, The far east launched snack devices to market this particular varieties associated with crab within the subways. [14] The actual crabs tend to be saved from 5 °C (41 °F), that induces the tired condition associated with hibernation. The costs from the crabs vary from close to $1. 50 in order to $7. 00 (UNITED STATES DOLLAR). [15] They're assured to become clean as well as in existence.
[edit]References.

chinese Nian gao



Niángāo, 12 months dessert or even Chinese language Brand new Year's dessert is really a meals ready through glutinous grain as well as eaten within Chinese language food. It's obtainable within Hard anodized cookware grocery stores as well as through wellness meals shops. Whilst it may be consumed throughout the year, typically it's most widely used throughout Chinese language Brand new 12 months. It's regarded as best of luck to consume nian gao during this period, simply because "nian gao" is really a homonym with regard to "higher 12 months. inch The actual Chinese language term 粘 (nián), which means "sticky", is actually similar within seem in order to 年, which means "year", and also the term 糕 (gāo), which means "cake" is actually similar within seem in order to 高, which means "high". As a result, consuming nian gao has got the meaning associated with increasing yourself greater within every arriving 12 months (年年高升 niánnián gāoshēng). Also called grain dessert. This particular sticky fairly sweet treat had been thought to be a good providing in order to your kitchen Lord, using the goal which their mouth area is going to be trapped using the sticky dessert, to ensure that he or she cannot badmouth the actual human's loved ones towards the Lord of Gods (Yu Huang Da Di). [1]

Manufacturing
In spite of several types, all of them reveal exactly the same glutinous grain component that's pounded or even floor right into a insert as well as, with respect to the range, might merely end up being cast in to form or even prepared once again to stay the actual component. Nian gao offers numerous types such as the kinds present in Shanghai food, Fujian food as well as Cantonese food via Guangdong.

Kinds
Shanghai food
The actual Shanghai design is generally packed inside a heavy gentle fishing rod to become chopped up upward or even packed pre-sliced as well as possibly stir-fried or even put into soups. With respect to the cooking food technique this particular design is really a gentle to some chewy version. The actual Shanghai design retains the actual nian gao whitened, as well as created using non-glutinous grain. The colour is actually it's unique function.
Whenever offered because the meal, the most typical may be the stir-fry technique, therefore the actual title (炒年糕, chǎo nián gāo). You will find 3 common kinds. The foremost is the tasty meal, typical elements consist of scallions, meat, chicken, cabbage and so on. The second reason is the fairly sweet edition utilizing regular whitened sugars. The final edition is actually taste-less, and it is frequently eaten because of its chewy textures.


Guangdong fairly sweet nian gao, pan-fried as well as dropped within egg cell
[edit]Cantonese food
The actual Guangdong range can also be known as nian gao. It's sweetened, generally along with dark brown sugars. It's unique having a darkish yellow-colored colour. The actual insert is actually put right into a dessert skillet as well as steamed once again to stay blend. The actual player is actually steamed till this solidifies as well as offered within heavy pieces. It might be consumed because is actually. The actual nian gao gets elastic and very sticky. It is also offered like a pudding flavoured along with rosewater or even red-colored bean insert.
The following phase is actually optionally available as possible pan-fried later on, frequently along with egg cell, to create (煎年糕, jyutping: zin1 nin4 gou1; pinyin: jiān nián gāo). Whenever toast it's somewhat crispy on the exterior, as well as continues to be pasty inside. Throughout Chinese language Brand new 12 months, it's reduce in to sq . items as well as offered together with comparable dessert darkish amount meals such as taro dessert as well as drinking water saying dessert.
Within Malaysia, it's known as kuih bakul and it is frequently toast inside a meal between bits of taro or even fairly sweet spud.
[edit]Other ethnicities
Nian gao can also be broadly eaten within the Philippines throughout the Chinese language Brand new 12 months because of the Chinese language residing in the nation. Nian gao is actually referred to as tikoy (through Hokkien 甜粿) within the Philippines as well as tikay တီကေ့ within Burma.
Asia as well as Korea each possess comparable glutinous grain meals, referred to as mochi as well as tteok, respectively, although tteok may be produced along with non-glutinous grain too. This sort of tteok, that is such as the Shanghai number of niángāo, is actually typically consumed throughout Korean Brand new 12 months (identical to Chinese language Brand new 12 months) inside a meal known as tteokguk.
[edit]Combinations
Some other part of Asian countries possess combined the actual dessert along with various elements for example red-colored bean insert as well as lotus seedling insert. They're not really regarded as primary limbs or even main food variants.

Customs and etiquette in Chinese dining

The actual overwhelmingly big number of Chinese language food arrives primarily in the exercise associated with dynastic time period, whenever emperors might web host banquets along with 100 meals for each dinner. [10] The numerous quantity of imperial kitchen area personnel as well as concubines had been active in the preparing food procedure. With time, numerous meals grew to become the main everyday-citizen lifestyle. A few of the best quality dining places along with quality recipes near to the dynastic intervals consist of Fangshan cafe within Beihai Recreation area Beijing and also the Oriole Pavilion. [10] Perhaps just about all limbs associated with Hong Kong far eastern design have been in a few methods grounded in the unique dynastic cuisines.

Chinese architecture

Chinese language structures, good examples that are available through more than two, 000 in years past, is definitely the characteristic from the lifestyle. There are specific functions typical in order to Chinese language structures, no matter particular area or even make use of. The most crucial is actually it's increased exposure of thickness, since the broad halls from the Not allowed Town function for example. In comparison, Traditional western structures stress upon elevation, although you will find conditions for example pagodas.
An additional essential function is actually balance, that implies a feeling associated with splendour since it pertains to every thing through palaces in order to farmhouses. 1 significant exclusion is within the look associated with landscapes, that is commonly because asymmetrical as you possibly can. Such as Chinese language scroll art, the actual theory fundamental the actual garden's make up would be to produce long lasting circulation, in order to allow customer stroll and revel in the actual backyard without having doctor prescribed, as with character himself. Feng shui offers performed an essential component within structural improvement.

Clothing of China

Various interpersonal courses in various eras boast various style developments, the color yellow-colored or even red-colored is generally set aside for that emperor. China's style background handles centuries along with probably the most vibrant as well as varied plans. Throughout the Qing Empire, China's final imperial empire spectacular change associated with clothes happened, the actual clothes from the period prior to the Qing Empire is called Hanfu or even conventional Han Chinese language clothes. Numerous icons for example phoenix arizona happen to be employed for ornamental in addition to financial reasons.

Chinese language fighting techinques as well as Listing of Chinese language fighting techinques

Chinese language fighting techinques as well as Listing of Chinese language fighting techinques
The far east is actually 1 from the primary delivery locations associated with Far eastern fighting techinques. Chinese language fighting techinques tend to be with each other provided the actual title Kung Fu ((gong) "achievement" or even "merit", as well as (fu) "man", therefore "human achievement") or even (formerly as well as in certain contemporary contexts) Wushu ("martial arts" or even "military arts"). The far east additionally consists of the house towards the well-respected Shaolin Monastery as well as Wudang Mountain tops. The very first era associated with artwork began much more with regards to success as well as combat compared to artwork. With time, a few artwork types possess branched away, while some possess maintained a definite Chinese language taste. Irrespective, The far east offers created probably the most famous martial designers such as Wong Fei Strung and many more. The actual disciplines also have co-existed along with a number of weaponry such as the much more regular eighteen hands. Renowned as well as questionable techniques such as Darkish Mak will also be recognized as well as discussed inside the lifestyle.

For those main visible, overall performance or even creative groups, observe Chinese language artwork.

For those main visible, overall performance or even creative groups, observe Chinese language artwork.
Various types of artwork possess influenced intoxicated by excellent philosophers, instructors, spiritual numbers as well as actually politics numbers. Chinese language artwork includes just about all areas of art work, people artwork as well as overall performance artwork. Porcelain pottery had been among the very first types of artwork within the Palaeolithic time period. Earlier Chinese language songs as well as poems had been affected through the Guide associated with Tunes, and also the Chinese language poet as well as statesman Qu Yuan.
Chinese language piece of art grew to become a very valued artwork within courtroom groups covering a multitude of Shan shui along with specific designs for example Ming Empire piece of art. Earlier Chinese language songs had been depending on percussion devices, that later on offered aside in order to stringed as well as reed devices. Through the Han empire papercutting grew to become a brand new talent following the actual creation associated with document. Chinese language safari might additionally end up being launched as well as branched regionally within extra in order to additional overall performance platforms for example range disciplines.

Music of China

Primary post: Songs associated with The far east
The actual songs associated with The far east goes back towards the beginning associated with Chinese language the world along with paperwork as well as artifacts supplying proof of the well-developed music lifestyle as soon as the actual Zhou Empire (1122 BCE -- 256 BCE). A few of the earliest created songs goes back in order to Confucius's period. The very first main well-documented blooming associated with Chinese language songs had been for that qin throughout the Tang Empire, even though device may possess performed a significant component prior to the Han Empire.
There are lots of music devices which are essential in order to Chinese language lifestyle, like the zheng (zither along with portable links), qin (bridgeless zither), sheng as well as xiao (up and down flute), the actual erhu (alto mess or even bowed lute), pipa (pear-shaped plucked lute), and many more.

Chinese literature

Chinese language books started along with report maintaining as well as divination upon Oracle Bone fragments. The actual considerable assortment of publications which have been maintained because the Zhou Empire show precisely how sophisticated the actual intellectuals had been previously. Certainly, the actual period from the Zhou Empire is usually appeared in order to because the actual touchstone associated with Chinese language social improvement. The actual 5 Primary Factors would be the basis for nearly just about all main research. Ideas protected inside the actual Chinese language traditional text messaging existing an array of topics such as poems, astrology, astronomy, diary, constellations and several other people. A few of the most significant earlier text messaging consist of We Ching as well as Shujing inside the 4 Publications as well as 5 Classics. Numerous Chinese language ideas for example Yin as well as Yang, Qi, 4 Support beams associated with Future with regards to bliss as well as planet had been just about all theorized within the dynastic intervals.
The actual Tune Empire had been additionally a period of time associated with excellent medical books, as well as noticed the actual development associated with functions for example Su Song's Xin Yixiang Fayao as well as Shen Kuo's Desire Swimming pool Documents. There have been additionally huge functions associated with historiography as well as big encyclopedias, for example Sima Guang's Zizhi Tongjian associated with 1084 ADVERT or even the actual 4 Excellent Publications associated with Tune completely put together as well as modified through the 11th hundred years. Significant confucianists, taoists as well as students of courses possess created substantial efforts in order to as well as through recording background in order to writing saintly ideas which appear 100 associated with many years in advance. Numerous books this kind of because 4 Excellent Traditional Books created numerous imaginary tales. Through the finish from the Qing Empire, Chinese language lifestyle might attempt a brand new period along with created vernacular Chinese language for that typical people. Hu Shih as well as Lu Xun will be innovators within contemporary books.

Chinese spiritual world concepts, Chinese mythology, and Chinese folk religion

Primary content articles: Chinese language religious globe ideas, Chinese language mythology, as well as Chinese language people faith
Chinese language faith had been initially focused in order to worshipping the actual best lord Shang Di throughout the Xia as well as Shang dynasties, using the full as well as diviners behaving because priests as well as utilizing oracle bone fragments. The actual Zhou empire focused this in order to worshipping the actual wider idea of bliss. A sizable a part of Chinese language lifestyle is dependant on the idea which the religious globe is available. Numerous ways of divination possess assisted solution queries, actually helping because another in order to medication. Folklores possess assisted fill up the actual space with regard to stuff that can't be described. There's frequently the blurry collection in between fantasy, faith as well as inexplicable trend.
Although deities tend to be the main custom, a few of the best holy numbers consist of Guan Yin, Jade Emperor as well as Buddha. Most of the tales possess because developed in to conventional Chinese language vacations. Additional ideas possess prolonged in order to beyond mythology in to religious icons for example Doorway lord as well as the actual Imperial protector elephants. Combined with the perception from the holy, addititionally there is the actual bad. Methods for example Taoist exorcism battling mogwai as well as jiang shi along with peachwood swords tend to be are just some of the actual ideas handed lower through decades. Several Chinese language lot of money informing rituals continue to be being used these days following a large number of many years associated with processing.

Chinese language and History of Mandarin

The actual historic created regular had been Traditional Chinese language. It had been employed for a large number of many years, however had been mainly set aside with regard to students as well as intellectuals that types the actual "top" course from the culture known as "shi da fu (士大夫)". Calligraphy later on grew to become commercialized, as well as functions well-known designers grew to become valued belongings. Chinese language books offers an extended previous; the first traditional function within Chinese language, the actual We Ching or even "Book associated with Changes" times in order to close to 1000 B . C .. The thriving associated with viewpoint throughout the Warring Says Time period created this kind of significant functions because Confucius's Analects as well as Laozi's Tao Ght Ching. (Observe additionally: the actual Chinese language classics. )#) Dynastic histories had been frequently created, you start with Sima Qian's seminal Information from the Great Historian, that was created through 109 B . C . in order to 91 B . C ..
The actual Tang Empire observed the graceful blooming, as the 4 Excellent Traditional Books associated with Chinese language books had been created throughout the Ming as well as Qing Dynasties. Printmaking within the type of portable kind originated throughout the Tune Empire. Academies associated with students backed through the empire had been created in order to discuss the actual classics within each imprinted as well as handwritten type. Vips often took part within these types of conversations too. Chinese language philosophers, authors as well as poets had been extremely highly regarded as well as performed crucial functions within protecting as well as advertising the actual lifestyle from the empire. A few traditional students, nevertheless, had been mentioned for his or her bold depictions from the life from the typical individuals, frequently towards the discomfort associated with government bodies.
Through the twentieth hundred years, an incredible number of people, particularly individuals outdoors from the "shi da fu" interpersonal course had been nevertheless illiterate. [7] Just following the actual Might fourth Motion do the actual drive with regard to created vernacular Chinese language start. This particular permitted typical people to see because it had been patterned following the linguistics as well as phonology from the regular voiced vocabulary. These days you will find a variety of dialects amongst various areas. These types of dialects tend to be the same as "local codes". Individuals couldn't realize one another when they tend to be not really through associated places.

Social structure of China

Because the 3 Sovereigns as well as 5 Emperors time period, some type of Chinese language monarch may be the primary leader most importantly. Various intervals associated with background possess various titles for that numerous jobs inside culture. Conceptually every imperial or even feudal time period is comparable, using the federal government as well as army authorities position full of the actual structure, and also the relaxation from the populace below normal Chinese language regulation. [7] In the past due Zhou Empire (1046-256 BCE) onwards, conventional Chinese language culture had been structured right into a hierarchic program associated with socio-economic courses referred to as the actual 4 jobs.
Nevertheless, this technique do not really include just about all interpersonal organizations as the variations in between just about all organizations grew to become blurry since the actual commercialization associated with Chinese language lifestyle within the Tune Empire (960-1279 CE). Historic Chinese language training also offers an extended background; since the actual Sui Empire (581-618 CE) informed applicants ready for that Imperial exams that drawn up examination graduates in to federal government because scholar-bureaucrats.
This particular resulted in the actual development of the meritocracy, even though achievement had been obtainable and then guys that might pay for check planning. Imperial exams needed candidates to create documents as well as show competence from the Confucian classics. People who handed the greatest degree of the actual examination grew to become top notch scholar-officials referred to as jinshi, a very famous socio-economic placement. Deals as well as projects had been generally trained with a shifu. The feminine historian Prohibit Zhao authored the actual Training for ladies within the Han Empire as well as layed out the actual 4 benefits ladies should follow in order to, whilst students this kind of because Zhu Xi as well as Cheng Yi might increase on this particular. Chinese language relationship as well as Taoist lovemaking methods tend to be a few of the traditions as well as rituals present in culture.
[edit]Values
Primary content articles: Chinese language viewpoint as well as Faith within The far east
The majority of interpersonal ideals tend to be based on Confucianism as well as Taoism. The topic of that college had been probably the most important is definitely discussed as numerous ideas for example Neo-Confucianism, Buddhism and many more came regarding. Reincarnation along with other revival idea is really a reminder from the link in between real-life and also the after-life. Within Chinese language company lifestyle, the idea of guanxi, showing the actual primacy associated with relationships more than guidelines, may be nicely recorded. [8]
Confucianism had been the state viewpoint all through the majority of Imperial China's background, as well as competence associated with Confucian text messaging had been the main qualifying criterion with regard to admittance to the imperial paperwork. Numerous much more authoritarian traces associated with believed are also important, for example Legalism.
There is frequently turmoil between your philosophies, at the. grams. the actual Tune Empire Neo-Confucians thought Legalism deceased in the unique nature associated with Confucianism. Exams along with a lifestyle associated with value stay significantly appreciated within The far east these days. Recently, numerous Brand new Confucians (to not end up being baffled along with Neo-Confucianism) possess recommended which democratic beliefs as well as human being privileges are very suitable for conventional Confucian "Asian values". [9]
Using the increase associated with Western financial as well as army energy from the actual mid-19th hundred years, non-Chinese techniques associated with interpersonal as well as politics business acquired adherents within The far east. A few of these would-be reformers completely declined China's social heritage, while some searched for to mix the actual talents associated with Chinese language as well as Western ethnicities. Essentially, a brief history associated with 20th-century The far east is actually among testing along with brand new techniques associated with interpersonal, politics, as well as financial business that could permit the actual reintegration from the country within the wake up associated with dynastic fall.

china Regional

Main article: Three ancestral treasures
Traditional Chinese Culture covers large geographical territories, where each region is usually divided into distinct sub-cultures. Each region is often represented by three ancestral items. For example Guangdong is represented by chenpi, aged ginger and hay. [4][5] Others include ancient cities like Lin'an (Hangzhou), which include tea leaf, bamboo shoot trunk and hickory nut. [6] Such distinctions give rise to the old Chinese proverb: "十里不同風, 百里不同俗/十里不同风, 百里不同俗" (Shí lǐ bùtóng fēng, bǎi lǐ bùtóng sú), literally "the wind varies within ten li, customs vary within a hundred li. """.

chinese Identity

Today there are 56 distinct recognized ethnic groups in China. [3] In terms of numbers however, the pre-eminent ethnic group is the Han Chinese. Throughout history, many groups have been assimilated into neighboring ethnicities or disappeared without a trace. At the same time, many within the Han identity have maintained distinct linguistic and regional cultural traditions. The term Zhonghua Minzu has been used to describe the notion of Chinese nationalism in general. Much of the traditional identity within the community has to do with distinguishing the family name.

Chinese culture

With regard to lifestyle within landmass The far east following 1949, observe Lifestyle associated with the actual Individuals Republic associated with The far east.
Chinese language lifestyle is actually among the planet's earliest. [1][2] The region where the lifestyle is actually dominating handles a sizable physical area within far eastern Asian countries along with traditions as well as customs different significantly in between cities, metropolitan areas as well as provinces. Essential aspects of Chinese language lifestyle consist of books, songs, visible disciplines, fighting techinques, food, and so on.

Saturday, June 23, 2012

tasting china


First episode of the gifts of nature

This set of import

As a gourmet, the food wonderful sense of smell is certainly worth pondering, but the food is from  There is no doubt that we get all the food, we went into the kitchen to a table, let us return to nature, to see if she gave us the first gift from nature.

Representative of the set will be selected to live in the territory of China is very different geographical environment (such as oceans, grasslands, mountains, basins, lakes) of individuals, families and communities for the story of the protagonist, as well as a huge difference due to the natural environment (such as drought , wet, hot, cold) are very different eating habits and lifestyle for the background story, to show how different ways of nature is given to the Chinese food, we are also in harmony with nature, to understand the work of generations According to legend, the traditional way of life, through a variety of ways to obtain food story.

Food introduction

Grilled matsutake

Braised bamboo shoots

Pickled bamboo shoots bean curd soup

Preserved meat fragrance pickled Benedict fresh

Ribs lotus root soup

Salt and pepper lotus root folder

Hot and sour lotus root D

Fried stew head foam cake

Fried baked mackerel

Pickled fish

Squirrel mandarin fish

Kuadun Yu

Connaught Deng Ham

Suan shells soup

Garlic burn pond fish

The part of the narration

China has the world's most dramatic natural landscape, the plateau, the first episode: the natural gifts of mountains, lakes, coastline. This geographical span contribute to the formation and preservation of the species, any one country are not so many potential food raw materials. To this natural gift collection, pick up, mining, fishing. Through the four seasons, the show and the nature of delicious behind the story.

Natural hybrid of Shangri-La, pine and oak forest Dolma find a wizard-like food - matsutake. Matsutake shelf just two days, business people with the fastest speed on matsutake sophisticated processing, such a matsutake 24 hours will appear in the Tokyo market.

3:00 matsutake origin, single Jane Dolma and her mother sat the father opened a motorcycle starting. Through the village, the mother and daughter walk into the virgin forest 30 kilometers away. Rain so that a variety of wild mushroom soaring, but every Tibetan has to identify the matsutake eye. The matsutake unearthed Dolma immediately land on the pine needles bacteria pit cover up the good, the only way the mycelium can not be destroyed, in order to extend the gift of nature, the Tibetans are careful to abide by the rules of the mountains.

Matsutake season, a two-month Dolma and her mother earned $ 5,000, this income is hard to pay on their return.

The old package is from Zhejiang, his Bamboo Forest, grow Suichang largest one bamboo shoots. Bamboo shoots hidden in the soil below the surface of the bamboo forest, and what did not, the old package just look Zhushao color of the leaves, you can know the exact location of the shoot, which depends entirely on his wealth of experience.

Bamboo shoot preservation has always been a lot of trouble to shoot just a bud, is the most productive part of the whole plant body activities. The wise old package to protect the bamboo shoots are very simple, clawed through the loose soil, shoots re-buried, moisturizing, the burial-place use of natural and can be the preservation of more than two weeks.

Could be seen in the four major cuisines of China, the bamboo shoots. Cooks prefer it to match the taste of food is also because the bamboo material is simple, easily absorbed. The old package is made of bamboo shoots a homemade bamboo shoot soup, pickled Benedict fresh protagonist was supposed to be bamboo shoots, but the old package price 20 times higher Suichang bamboo shoots. Because in the eyes of the old package, these are just a side dish of their own Bamboo Forest.

Mountain in the north of Dali, Yunnan, the middle of the striking red sandstone, dotted with natural salt well salt achievements Yunnan Montagnards delicious. Huang and his sons in the tree river stream to build a stove, and boil salt Tuzao winter work.

Yunlong County, winter market, Huang and his son arrived at the fair selection of the production of pork ham, ham, pickled in the old house in the yard. Promise Deng ham curing process is very simple, Huang excess skin removal, and processed into a mellow ham, sprinkle with white wine sterilization, and then homemade promise salt evenly cast, and have no cone needle, only kneading, pressing, so as not to damage the fiber.

To determine that the use of modern standards, Novo Deng well salt is still salt in the best, in this ancient salt production to salt production has stopped, but we still believe in the promise Deng salt is a precious gift to natural given the Montagnards .

Sheng Wu and Mao-rong, brothers, in September of each year, they came to Hubei's Jiayu County, to the excavation of a naturally delicious. This plant grows in the deep silt of the lake below, Mao-rong dug rhizomes of the plant called the lotus root, is one lake in the high-yield vegetables - lotus root.

Dig lotus as a professional annually Maorong and Sheng Wu alone out seven, and adopted the lotus season, they rushed to the lotus from his home in Anhui. Higher labor returns Sheng Wu and Mao-rong willing to engage in the hard work. Dig the lotus like cold weather, not because of cold weather a good dig lotus root, but the cold to buy lotus root to eat lotus root soup, lotus root, the price will rise.

Whole a lake of lotus root also picking five months time, dig lotus Jane Lake in Jiayu County, 300 occupations, the continuation of day from sunrise to sunset throughout the large province of the freshwater lake in China, such a scene mid-staged.

Today, when we have the right from nature and enjoy the food, most should be grateful to these people through labor and intellectual achievements of the table, delicious.

Second episode of the story of the staple food

This set of import

The staple food is the main food on the table, is the main source of energy people need. Which eat the natural grain from ancient times to the rich people on the table, mouth-watering food, a colorful, changing the staple food of the world presented to you. The episode focuses on depicting the story of the staple food of the different regions, different nationalities, different style, to show the appearance of the staple food, the taste of the pursuit, handling and processing the staple food of wisdom, and the staple food of deep emotion.

Food introduction

Knife to cut bread

Three-color flowering bread

Salt and pepper chopped green onion volume

Fried Beef

December juice Rouga Mo

Steamed mutton

Lanzhou beef noodles

Qishan Sào surface

Bamboo l surface

Dumplings

Swimming crab fried rice cakes

Beans stew surface

Celery and pork dumplings

Printing Qingming dumpling

Huang steamed bun

Nang

Liping rice

Spinach surface

Wonton lo mein

Feet cakes

The part of the narration

The staple food usually provides most of the calories needed by the human. The Chinese cuisine and unique, from the most ordinary of a pot of rice, a steamed bun, changing the delicate staple food, all the hard work of the Chinese people, the crystallization of accumulated experience. However, how much wine and food dishes, staple food is eaten, the last main character is always on the table of the Chinese people.

Huang's full name Policies on Cross who knew him called him Huang, from the beginning of the lunar month each year, Huang every three days, seven hundred Momo took his own house, riding a half hours a tricycle, go sell to the county.

Huang Huang sell steamed bread is bread made of millet surface. Is a staple food in northern Shaanxi winter favorite. Millet, also known as milo, is the most important crop of the arid areas of northern China. 8000 years ago, China's Yellow River Basin began the cultivation of millet.

In China, grain is always a change in the concept. Around 2,000 years ago, the sorting of the grains of rice, millet, millet, wheat, beans. Today, the top three of China's grain output has been turned into rice, wheat and corn. China, from south to north, vast territory, the diversity of natural and geographical changes, the Chinese people living in different geographical locations, and enjoy a distinct rich staple food.

The small village, the history of the oldest villages in the Central Plains, grain processing have been thousands of years. Nearby have unearthed the oldest stone, confirmed this.

Liping in Guizhou Province, inhabited by the ancient Dong, special wet weather conditions using the food storage, rice shelling grinding a rice continuation of traditional practices, rice bran to eat unique geographical features. Formed a unique food culture of rice bran, rice flour, bran, a Guiyang, Zunyi, the pattern and taste many of the eating variety is one of the staple food of the local can not be separated.

Roll surface, the Central Plains girls grow up to become a woman, must master life skills. According to Chinese customs and rituals, birthday Yoshihisa must eat the noodles, the Chinese called longevity noodles. Why do Chinese people birthday eat noodles  The noodle is how to become the Yoshihisa the symbol of the Chinese people  There is a saying that the surface shape of a long thin, the homophonic longevity. The noodles become a favorite staple food of the Chinese people pay attention to discussion of the mouth color.

Lanzhou people say: the morning is to start from a bowl of beef noodles, Ramen Museum has more than a thousand cities, the daily consumption of one million bowls of ramen, Lanzhou minds of the staple food of the king deserved. A bowl of noodles from the drawing to cook and serve, it seems less than two minutes, but behind it a deep doorway.

Cao Shi, a native of Xi'an, Department of Computer Science master degree in his spare time, and friends group Xi'an dialect singing rap band. Who are also university teachers, lead singer of the band's lyricist, a variety of roles in this first most widely circulated description of the Shaanxi region civilian food rap, a series of enumerated dozens of tempting food in Shaanxi Province, Cao Shi The songs, to be known as the classical tradition is Paomo beef and mutton. Steamed bread is the most native of Xi'an, the staple food, to eat Paomo the most attention to the breaking steamed, Xi'an, which is not only the eating process, the process still enjoy the taste of each person according to their preferences, breaking out the size of steamed block different shapes, adding boiling a dozen hours of soup, a bowl of seemingly forthright and simple steamed mutton, in fact, the inner delicate complex.

Almost all Chinese people know that a concept: the northerners like to eat pasta, while the southerners are inseparable from the rice, which is two thousand years ago agricultural layout, a Yellow River basin of millet and wheat-based drought for agriculture, while the other is the Yangtze River valley of rice agriculture. Resulting in a unique "the Meter north of the staple food pattern.

Qishan had life to eat noodles. Every birthday party for the elderly, Qishan will get together to come Shaanxi Opera Theatre Company Dataichangxi. At this time a bowl of steaming hot and sour tasty Qishan Sào surface, as best supporting role in the Taiwan front is absolutely essential. Eat the Sào face the most luxurious to the number of Liushui Xi. Morning at dawn, eat noodles Liushui Xi opened. According to the records of the Chronicles, Qishan Sào surface origin 3,000 years ago, ate only the surface, not soup, locals conventional diet rules. Shaanxi diced sauteed ingredients called Sào. The Qishan Sào the production is more particular about the meat Dingqie thin and uniform dry stir until transparent, adding vinegar and the Qin pepper spicy noodles, simmer slowly fried. The finest Sào be bright red color and pure, hot and sour taste. Such a spoonful of color is oily, spicy but not dry, marked oil the Sào, is the essence of Qishan Sào surface is located. Particular about the colored the Sào surface of dishes, the fungus tofu meaning black and white, meaning day prosperous of eggs, a symbol of wealth, carrots, garlic on behalf of the thriving red yellow and green white and black five colors represent the the Qishan people a better life blessing. Thousands of years, Sào soup Qishan village yo face pot roll, Qishan the Sào face a fantastic works of art.

Jiaxing is located in the Taihu Lake Basin, is in China's most ancient rice culture area, for a long time, Jiaxing is known to the horizontal level. However, Jiangnan delicate and exquisite lifestyle known Jiaxing, practical rest assured that day, but it is a hot meat sub.

On modern lines, this ancient food of rice dumplings, showing the traditional way is not the same vitality. Liuguang Rong, from Sichuan to a Jiaxing work wrapped dumplings technician from 8:00 to 16:00 every day, to complete the dumplings over 3000. Per minute, wrapped seven dumplings, each dumplings with less than ten seconds, while the amount of accuracy is 100%. In this workshop, each working day, there will be about one million dumplings produced.

An annual late-mature to Ningbo rice cake. The children fled back to the village from Ningbo to visit the grandmothers and grandfathers, a portrait of four generations sitting together days a year, only a rare two or three times. This is quite rich on the table, natural and ultimately, the kids like to eat rice cakes.

Do cakes Ningbo people celebrate the New Year is a tradition of former Ningbo families cook a few pounds of rice cake first hundred pounds before the New Year, soak in the winter water storage from the twelfth lunar month has been eating the coming year.

Ningbo Water Mill cakes when a new production of late rice production, after soaking, grinding, steam powder, shoving pound, molecular re-combination, the taste can be improved. Shoving pound rice group, planks hard rub pressure, and then rub strips, one of the most common foot cakes molding.

Ningning-year-old a most happy thing is to follow the ancestor grandmother do with cakes. Ningning was growing up, may not remember the practice of the cakes, but the taste of the kind of flexible tendons Road, carrying the flavor of the family will stay in Ningning a lifetime of memories.

Spring Festival, Chinese people belong to the family festival. 2012 Spring Festival, the white wave of the Chinese New Year in Beijing together with the whole family. White wave as a professional photographer, year-round work around the crew, year, and only in the New Year so hard the day the children are able to return to his father.

Dumplings are the folk of the most important staple food in China, especially New Year's Eve night, eating dumplings to take more years of age pay child the meaning of the habits of the Chinese people, regardless of the year goes how Chinese New Year New Year's Eve family reunion to eat dumplings "is heavy head and banquets of any delicacy can not be replaced. Today, almost all of the traditional manual food has been placed be copied in the industrialized assembly line today, the Chinese people, the world's most emphasis on family values ​​groups, still repeating the same story year after year.

At this time, the Chinese mind, and there is nothing more important things than dinner with the family, which is a Chinese tradition, this is the Chinese people, this is the story of the Chinese people on the staple food.

Episode conversion of inspiration

The import bean curd, tempeh, rice wine, pickles, have one thing in common, they have an aromatic, rich flavor. The taste of this contribution results with microbes work. This practice is called "fermentation". The ancestors of the Chinese people, with some pots and pans, plus a keen intuition to create a new realm of food. To achieve food into the realm of food, which should go beyond obstacles, to create the conditions necessary to grasp the opportunity to experience defeat, and thus inspired by the "eat" the greatest wisdom.

Food introduction

Big cook Gansi

Soybean curd

Almond milk, tofu

Rosemary lamb emissions

Pickled white meat

Sauerkraut dumplings

Mao Tofu

Glutinous rice wine

The part of the narration

In the law to eat, the flavor is more important than everything. Chinese people have never trapped in a boring food on the list. People with a right understanding of the food, the constant attempts to seek the conversion of inspiration.

Located in the the Jianshui city of Yunnan Honghe ancient times known as Lin'an. Is a multi-ethnic settlements, the doping of various cultures form a unique atmosphere and pattern. Construction of water's most famous board well, and women rely solely on the cooperation of the fingers, build a tofu pipeline.

Itai, was founded in the early Ming Dynasty, a staggering three meters in diameter, several hundred years later, still without losing vitality. Chinese people believe that water can nourish people's spirituality and consciousness. This is like water tofu shape. An unspeakable thing in common between the two.

The Yao Guiwen and the Cuihua around with light and hard life of tofu. Her husband's greatest wish is to be able to go the distance, the Great Lakes fishing, although he has never catch fish. In the couple's eyes, every one of the tofu is very precious. They can help their own dependent children had a happy and stable life.

In late September, ujimqin grassland has faded green. Munch and his family to seize the moment in time for the winter before last appearance grazing. The tea is always the protagonist in the breakfast. Brick tea, butter, fried rice, and milk is an important part of the pot of tea.

Milk, tofu, a few days ago. Grasslands can not be separated from the tea and milk, tofu. Can not rely on vegetables and fruits to supplement the vitamins and minerals, can be obtained from here.

South, thousands of kilometers away in Yunnan Province, is almost the same situation. Bai people similar to the way into the milk here. The Rushan be dry to the hospital open where air-dried, and like to hang a huge wind chimes.

This distant thousands of miles a tacit agreement, may be traced back to the era of the Mongolian open Xinjiang extension. 800 years ago, the Mongols of Kublai Khan during the expedition to Yunnan. The Mongols also brought settlers to this distant home the taste of milk and other food. They do not think, the way of such a transformation has been handed down, vibrant.

On the provision of protein, soy foods, is the only plant ingredients could contend with the meat. For vegetarians, this is perfect. The ancient Chinese praised tofu and Germany. People can be content with poor eating tofu, tofu do people know how to "go with the flow".

Southern Anhui Province, the unique geographical environment and warm climate contributed to the people tranquil and conservative temperament, it also breeds a unique food - hair tofu. Fangxing Yu is not hot and humid summer hair tofu, sauna days, it is difficult to direction control tofu fermentation. But in other seasons, Huizhou moist environment for microorganisms are able to guide took to the track of the fermentation. She hoped with all his daughter are able to learn and realize that.

The smart use of these tiny creatures handy. In fact, the wisdom of such a transformation in the more distant past, has been shining a.

Grape with rice wine is one of the world's oldest liquor. Wine, is the first case of people using microbial. The beginning of winter in the morning, Shaoxing, the sky began to drizzle. This wine master who is a good sign. Yeast like Jiangnan winter this long nor intense cold.

Shaoxing, the ancient land of prosperous. Today, Shaoxing people are still willing to pillow River door and enjoy the leisure of a. Sauce, open the empty field lined with hundreds of huge vat. 56 Dingguo Yun still dashing. The sauce is thick, thick, and requires human regular flip up and down, will be uniform within the fermentation vat. In these vat, the microbial world, the shift in mutual restraint. Sauce fermentation in the human history of the unique, several thousand years, the achievements of the Chinese people the basis of taste on the table.

In Northern China, the sauce means that more direct. In another three months under a new sauce, prepared from now on. The sauce is the Northeast people's things, a neighbor rushed over to help. Cooked soybeans directly in the pan was smashed. In the northeastern region of China, people do the sauce just this kind of material of the soybean. This single is a luxury.

Warm the kang, six hands together refried beans and a pile of molding. The sauce taste even become the standard measure of a housewife qualified or not. Finally, the permeability of the yellow paper wrapped, tied into a solid billet of butter. The sauce blank wall was hung. In the two months after, they quietly fermentation. Wait until next spring, and then began a more in-depth conversion.

All of these imaginative transformation, they create amazing flavor and nutritional sublimation; and forming a part of something called culture, and to pass along.

Episode time of taste

This set of import

Preserved foods, dry goods, air-dry to dry and the sauce bubbles, frozen is China's most ancient history of food preservation. Today, China is still the favorite of such food for me.

Food involved in the bacon, the Jinhua ham [1], roast meat, salted fish (salted fish), pickled vegetables, pickles, pickled vegetables, and salted, sugared, Oil, drying, dried, frozen, etc. food preservation method, show a variety of Chinese cuisine as the basis for raw materials.

Hoarded food, easy to carry from the previous save food to the continuous pursuit of food taste, preservation of the technical implication of the Chinese people's wisdom, showing the Chinese people's lives, pickled fermented fresh "Chinese people but also contains the emotional and cultural image, such as the home of missing heart for a long time contains some kind of emotion and so on.

Food introduction

Duck pot

Shrimp paste, shrimp paste

Crab

Jinhua ham

Soviet-style sauce of meat

Pickled mustard pork

Duck

Smelly mandarin fish

Zhe Ergen fried bacon

Preserved meat claypot

Honey pork

Sausage

Spicy cabbage

Nanan Duck

Blade incense

Honey fire side

Grilled mullet sub-

The part of the narration

Is a close friend of the food, the time is Episode IV: the sworn enemy of the time the taste of food. In order to preserve food, although we already have a wide variety of science and technology, however, cured, dry, bad drunk and smoked the old way in the preservation of I, also unexpectedly to us with fresh different, sometimes even more mellow and delicious taste. Today, these time secondary manufacturing of food, still affects the daily diet of the Chinese people, and bears a special feeling of the Chinese nation for the taste and the hearts of mankind.

Autumn morning, ancient Hulan River water to flow through the wilderness. It originated in the Mountains, winding injected into the Songhua River. Gold Shunji in Hulan side from an early age, growing up, her hometown, is this her Dream of the taste of kimchi. Cabbage garden is the mother every year in July the first V planted, in order to made kimchi, so choose are the heart tender and tight leaf varieties. Today, his daughter for the first time and her mother learn how to make kimchi. Korean kimchi, many items, even if only one species showing a variety of different tastes: cold food fresh fried delicious, and so on. The long winter, with crisp spicy, accompanied by sweet spicy cabbage, a re Guadan day, as if will become warm, rich and gusto.

A Tim and his family operate the own sausages store. Every morning, his store is most busy people, doing the job he already had 10 years of experience. Has a 60-year history, established a good reputation and the reputation of the customer to use fresh, elegant, and Xing preserved meat home. Now, A Tim and his father, uncle to take care of take care of the store.

Wo bloom in the mainland's Hunan Province, rice fields and Hmong production of salted fish and bacon season. The Xiangxi wood fuel with hardwood smoked bacon better, such as tea and Yang Meishu. When smoked, put the marinated meat hanging above the fireplace of heating cooking, but also keep the pine cones, tea shell, orange peel into the fireplace, so smoked out the bacon, they would take tea and fruit fragrance.

The simplicity of the Miao people, pickled fish, bacon, not just a food, is to save the life and memory in the years to come, and always unforgettable.

In the Huangshan area, farm yard is still drying ham and bacon, filled with idyllic atmosphere. Salted bacon produced blade incense "is one of the main course of the hospitality, is also one of the masterpieces of the Huizhou dishes.

In the view of the leaf master, home farmhouse ham is the world's most delicious ham. Of course, he must know, not far from the ancient Huizhou, Jinhua, Zhejiang, also produced a famous ham, red muscle fat white flesh bright, aroma, taste delicious and famous.

The Sanyang Nanhuo shop Shanghai elders who all know of specialty shops, and can buy all kinds of dry goods in Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces. The Ala counter leader of the team the Hou master, started working here in 1975. Of Jinhua ham quality identification, you only need to use a bamboo stick, and it inserted the ham in the next three parts, premium ham, three signed to pull out, each sign will emit an tangy The exotic fragrance. In a sense, like "an auspicious all over Shanghai's specialties, shops, in fact, this city of immigrants, a seat of taste Memorial.

Xiapu Fujian's oldest counties. The long coastline create a large number of natural harbors, the sea has become an aquatic farm in the cultivation of seaweed.

Linren burning, 16-year-old father and learn how to grow seaweed, and now 49 years old today, he wants to own farmland to set up few of them bamboo. Cut bamboo from the mountains to go through the pre-treatment: the bamboo inside dredge to facilitate the bamboo insert the seabed. Bamboo per root length of about 16 meters and weighs over 200 kg. It set up in the sea, is not an easy task.

Taiwan and Mindong across the sea, for Yunlin County Kouhu's fishermen a year livelihood critical moment has arrived. Mullet roe is the specialty of the southwest coast of Taiwan, and take the black roe pickled, shaped like a Chinese ink, the Japanese mullet roe, known as "Don ink, and regards it as one of the world's three major cuisine. In Taiwan and Japan, mullet always been regarded as high-end gourmet food on the table. Its texture is dense, soft glutinous moisture, just a thin one, had Atsumi infinite.

Some scholars have reasoned, the history of the human line before smelling the salt flavor. Tai O, occupies the South China Sea corner of the early years, the rich sea salt is known.

The Zheng Xiangxing shrimp Shop is a century-old experience of four generations, has been to hold onto the leadership position of Tai O, shrimp paste shrimp paste. 76-year-old Guo Shaofen, Australia native, 20-year-old married Henry Cheng began to do a shrimp paste has more than 50 years of experience. Shrimp paste or shrimp paste, Ingredients and accessories, in fact, simple silver shrimp and salt. Making, nothing more than with minced shrimp and salt on the bamboo sieve sun.

The old shop has been relying on Guoshao Fen and her husband, two people take care of, until the profound feelings of the husband died in 2011. Said Tai O is the best and watch the sunset, here perhaps more than just scenery.

This is the taste of salt. Mountain taste, the taste of the wind, the smell of sun, but also the taste of time, and human taste. The taste, has been a long time in their native land, folks, forget the past, diligence, perseverance and so on emotions and beliefs are mixed together, only under the tongue, they got the idea, so that we almost can not tell which one is taste, what kind of is feelings.

Episode kitchen's secret

This set of import

With Western dishes, raw and fresh, the eclipse meal "diet compared to the traditional culture, Chinese cuisine is more particular about the color, smell, taste, shape, control. In the mood of the chase in this series, the Chinese cook all of them have like a magician, can play the trick of "fire and water cross-attack" to the point of fire pure blue, which is 8000 years of practice. We also experienced a long process boiled, steamed, fried three major leap forward their common essence is nothing more than fire and water relations of regulation, and so far the world know how steamed and stir-fry the nation the only one. The set will be primarily through the story with superb cuisine skills, an exhibition of skills in the kitchen.

Food introduction

Mushrooms clyster package

Egg dumplings

Motorcoach

Salted duck egg

Braised sea cucumber

Gold Prawn

Fish head

Fried tofu

Braised lion head (sunflower large cut of meat)

Large hot Gansi

Sweet and sour pineapple pork ribs

Qi Guoji

Kudzu Zhengrou

Jun'an steamed pig

To drink the fire side

Purple soy Huwei

Soup

Evans tofu

Jianzhen prime duck

New crabs

Clouds Yuanyang Longjing shrimp

The part of the narration

With Western dishes, raw and fresh, the eclipse meal "diet compared to the traditional culture, Chinese cuisine is more particular about the color, smell, taste, shape, control. In the mood of the chase in this series, the Chinese cook all of them have like a magician, can play the trick of "fire and water cross-attack" to the point of fire pure blue, which is 8000 years of practice. We also experienced a long process boiled, steamed, fried three major leap forward their common essence is nothing more than fire and water relations of regulation, and so far the world know how steamed and stir-fry the nation the only one.

The set will be primarily through the story with superb cuisine skills, an exhibition of skills in the kitchen.

To count the number of dishes in Chinese cuisine, the undisputed division cuisine, is an almost impossible thing. Fried frying, steaming, heat, the ingredients, seasoning ... Sometimes, these seem simple, but sometimes extremely complex. Chinese kitchen, hiding what kind of secret  Is the ratio of ingredients, condiments, spices  Is the subtle use of time  The ever-changing chefs cooking techniques  This is not a simple math problem.

This lunch is to reward the neighbors. In November, the the Nissi Township should give barley to fertilization. Order not to miss the best opportunity to help each other between each. Today, their farming methods, habits, and still has maintained intact.

Tashi is a black pottery craftsmen, where people stubbornly believe that black pottery cooking dishes, have a special taste. Black pottery can be borne by the cooking method is to cook. "Cook" this way of cooking, is closely related to the birth of the ceramic cookware. Pottery before the birth, people may not be able to think, their offspring will get that so many tricks. Can be found in addition to burning and roast another to allow the food to become cooked, was a surprise and leap.

The people here have their own philosophy of life, not the pursuit of too delicate habits. As the intermediary between the water and fire, it passed to the temperature of the ingredients, so delicious to be released. Seemingly simple boiling, but it bears the Nissi people the secrets of the kitchen. This secret around for thousands of years, "surprise" has become a daily routine of cooking techniques.

Chinese people first "steam" into the kitchen, but also created a mass of steaming dishes. Chung Yeung Festival to this day, Ouyang Guangye 40-year-old birthday. The night before, he should be prepared in a large village feast, the pressure can be imagined. Village Feast of the venue is not fixed, the stove should also be temporary structures. This stove, very appropriate for the village feast. Guangdong is the hometown of food, look no secret that the kitchen, have to meet the fussy eater.

In the village feast, steamed tend to be the protagonist. The steam is one of the basic ways of Chinese food cooking. Before people found the efficacy of the rapid heating of the grease, steam is heating faster than the cook, and easier to maintain the complete shape of the ingredients. Historically, the word "steam" once synonymous with the word "sacrifice". Sacrifice, sacrifice to maintain a full shape. Steam operation of the uniform heat diffusion in the container, and also possible to make steamed a whole pig.

Everyone in Guangdong, almost all gourmet dishes with almost demanding requirements. Steamed pig finale of the dish to the feast today. As a village feast, family reunion, old friends meet, delicious convey a sense of satisfaction is also essential.

To leave home after 25 years, 72-year-old ranks long queue from Japan back to Yangzhou. He finally had the opportunity to come to the familiar rule of spring and society, and once again taste the familiar taste.

To Huaiyang itself, the biggest characteristic is unusual ingredients crafted debut a magnificent gesture. There is another secret of the Chinese Kitchen - bear the brunt of the role of a knife. Western chefs, each action has a corresponding tool; Chinese food chef in the hands of a knife, was able to row to a myriad of knife. The blade of the Chinese food is so rich, precisely because it is never a simple "three noes". The age of 19, ranking the long queue with three years of hard work, a knife applied to the skilled. Knife demanding requirements of age, 72 years old, he is now almost with few knife unique skills.

Every day, week race group will be a group of children with Tuition preacher, trying to teach more than 30 years of experience in full to them. No matter how talented, first grade students must practice basic skills at the same time as soon as possible to master the production of more dishes.

China today, every city looks very close. Only eating habits, to become a label to distinguish it from other places. Hunan Spicy, "incense" from the oil. The kitchen of the Chinese people and ultimately, a variety of oils and fats, the ancients used grease to rapidly heating ingredients, no doubt is a good way to save fuel. Today, both more theory affirms grease overdose harm the Chinese people still can not do without the unique crisp taste. Whether this contradiction, the use of oils and fats, is a great contribution to the cooking method of Chinese people.

Here is a Chinese food kitchen of an upscale hotel, all kitchenware everything. International chefs the Liang Zigeng, but intend to do with these kitchen utensils as inconspicuous as food - salted duck eggs.

Done in many countries of the world's luxury hotels Chef, The Liang Zaigeng complete chemical understanding of Chinese and Western cooking. But what, he is still the most original Italian food dishes. Today, he and old friend partner, do Hangzhou cuisine, motorcoach, this is one pair of heat demand is very high the dish. They will be a fish cut open two and a half, the half boil the water, half of the oil.