Mao Zedong's Biography

Mao Zedong (1893 ~ 1976): the great Marxist, proletarian revolutionary, strategist and theorist, Communist Party of China, the People's Liberation Army and the People's Republic of China of the main founders and leaders. Xiangtan, Hunan Province. December 26, 1893, was born in a peasant family. When the new military uprising after the Revolution broke out six months soldiers. 1914 ~ 1918 study in the Hunan First Normal School. Xinmin Society, the eve of graduation, and Hesen Organization revolutionary groups. The May Fourth Movement before and after exposure to and acceptance of Marxism in 1920 to create a communist organization in Hunan.
    In July 1921, the first National People's Congress attended the Chinese Communist Party, he served as the CPC Hunan Committee secretary, leading Changsha, Anyuan workers' movement. 1923, to attend the third CPC National People's Congress, was elected a Central Executive Committee, to participate in the work of the central leadership. The KMT-CPC cooperation after 1924, the KMT first, the second National People's Congress were elected as alternate central executive committee members, who hosted the sixth peasant movement in Guangzhou KMT's Acting Minister of Propaganda Department of the CPC Central Committee, editor of political weekly . In November 1926, the secretary of the CPC Central Committee Farmers' Movement Committee.
    1925 winter solstice, the spring of 1927, has published the analysis of the various social classes, "the Peasant Movement in Hunan Report writings, pointed out that the issue of farmers in an important position in the Chinese revolution and the leadership of the proletariat, the extreme importance of the peasant struggle and criticized Chen Duxiu's rightist ideology.
    Full rupture of the KMT-CPC cooperation, the CPC Central Committee emergency meeting in August 1927, his regime is achieved by the barrel of a gun, thinking that the revolutionary armed seizure of power, and was elected alternate member of the Central Political Bureau. After the Autumn Harvest Uprising in Hunan, Jiangxi border leadership. Then rate the mutinous troops Jinggangshan, launched the agrarian revolution, the creation of the first rural revolutionary base. 1928, joined forces with Zhu De led by mutinous troops, the establishment of the Workers 'and Peasants' Revolutionary Army (soon renamed the Red Army) Fourth Army, he served as party secretary of the Front Committee, Zhu De as Army Commander. He was the main representative of the Chinese Communists from the reality of China, the KMT regime, the relatively weak rural development of armed struggle, creating encircling the cities from rural areas, and finally captured the city and the National Road to Power. In the red regime Why can exist? "A single spark can start a prairie fire" and other writings from the theory expounded on this issue.
    May 1930, write "Oppose Book Worship," and proposed the famous thesis, "No investigation, no right to speak". In August, the Red Army First Front Army was established, to Ren Zongzheng Governance Committee. In 1931, the interim government of the Chinese Soviet Republic was established in Ruijin, Jiangxi, was elected Chairman. 1933 by-election for a member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee. Since the end of 1930, with Zhu De led the Red Army defeated the Kuomintang troops repeatedly "encirclement and suppression". Represented by Wang Ming, "left" after the dump line leadership group to enter the Central Revolutionary Base, Mao Zedong excluded from the Party and the Red Army leadership, they perform different strategies and policies, resulting in the fifth against "encirclement and suppression" the war is lost. In October 1934, participated in the Red Army Long March. The Long March, in January 1935 the CPC Central Committee Political Bureau in Guizhou Province held an enlarged meeting (ie, the Zunyi Conference) established a new central leadership represented by Mao Zedong. In October, the CPC Central Committee and the Red Army arrived in northern Shaanxi, the end of the Long March. In December, for "On Tactics Against Japanese imperialist strategy" to clarify the anti-Japanese national united front policy. In October 1936, the Red Fourth Army and the Red Army Long March and arrive in Gansu Province, has joined forces with the Red Army. Xi'an Incident in December the same year, with Zhou Enlai and others to promote a peaceful solution by the Civil War to the Second Kuomintang against Japan the current situation to convert hub. December 1936, wrote "China's Revolutionary War strategic issues. The summer of 1937, wrote "On Practice" and "On Contradiction.
    After the start of the War of Resistance Against Japan, led by the CPC Central Committee with his adhere to the principle of independence in the united front, efforts to mobilize the masses, carried out behind enemy lines, guerrilla war, the establishment of many large anti-Japanese base areas. Most of these anti-Japanese base in the mountainous areas of North China, but also some in the Hebei Plain and northern Jiangsu plain. October 1938, the Communist expansion of the Sixth Plenary Session of the guiding principles of "Marxism in China". Anti-Japanese War, he published "On Protracted War", "<Communists foreword," On New Democracy "and other important works. 1942, led the whole party to carry out the rectification movement, correct subjectivism and sectarianism, the whole Party to further understand the basic direction of combining the universal truth of Marxism-Leninism and the concrete practice of the Chinese revolution, in order to win the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the victory of the revolution laid the ideological foundation. 1943, the base of the leading soldiers and civilians to carry out production and movement, through a serious economic difficulties. In March the same year, was elected Chairman of the CPC Central Committee Political Bureau. 1945, hosted the Seventh CPC National People's Congress for the "On Coalition Government" report. Established by the General Assembly "let go and mobilize the masses, expanding the power of the people, under the leadership of my party, defeating the Japanese aggressors, liberate the whole people, to establish a new democratic China" strategy. Mao Zedong Thought in the conference was identified as the guiding ideology of the Chinese Communists. Date from the seventh a plenary session until his death in 1976, he has served as party chairman.
    After the victory for Chiang Kai-shek's attempt to destroy the reality of the Communist Party and its armed forces, he proposed the policy of "tit for tat struggle. August 1945 went to the Chongqing negotiations with Chiang Kai-shek that the Chinese Communist Party to fight the desire of domestic peace.
    1946 summer Chiang Kai-shek launched an all-out civil war, Mao Zedong, Zhu De, Zhou Enlai, the leadership of the Chinese People's Liberation Army active defense, concentrating a superior force to destroy the enemy. March 1947 to March 1948, Zhou Enlai and Ren Bishi, fought in northern Shaanxi, commanding the Northwest battlefield and the country's liberation war. In the summer of 1947, the People's Liberation Army from strategic defense to strategic offensive, after the Liaoning-Shenyang, Huai-Hai and Beiping-Tianjin three battles and combat after crossing the Yangtze River in April 1949, overthrew the Nationalist government under the leadership of the CPC Central Committee led to his . In March 1949, hosted the Seventh CPC plenary session, and made an important report, the decision of the party's focus from the countryside to the cities, provides the basic policy of the party in the country after the victory, and called the whole party is sure to remain modest , prudent and free from arrogance and rashness in style, be sure to continue to maintain the style of hard struggle. July 1, published "On the people's democratic dictatorship", provides the basic policy of the People's Republic of the nature of the regime and its internal and external.
    October 1, 1949, the People's Republic of China, he was elected Chairman of the Central People's Government. In June 1950, hosted the Seventh CPC Congress, the general task of the struggle to fight for the national financial and economic situation to improve. In October the same year, forced the U.S. military invaded the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, the threat to the situation in the northeastern part of China, he led by the CPC Central Committee decided to conduct the War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea. 1950 to 1952, under his leadership, land reform, the suppression of counterrevolutionaries and other democratic reforms, carried out against corruption, against waste, against the bureaucracy of the "three evils" campaign for and against bribery, against tax evasion, oppose Pirates state property, cheating against the shoddy work, the "five evils" campaign against the stealing of economic information. 1953, in accordance with his proposal, the CPC Central Committee announced the general line of the party during the transition period, started systematic socialist industrialization and socialist transformation of private ownership of the means of production. 1954, the First National People's Congress for the first time adopted by the Conference he presided over the drafting of the Constitution of the People's Republic of China "at this meeting, he was elected the first President of the People's Republic of China, in office until 1959. Anying, Songlin, Li Na in the Fragrant Hills in April 1956 for "On the Ten Major Relationships" speech in 1949, this speech were suitable for China's road of building socialism with some preliminary exploration. Then, in an enlarged meeting of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee put forward the principle of "letting a hundred flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend". In 1956, the socialist transformation of private ownership of the means of production was basically completed. In September, the CPC held the Eighth National People's Congress, pointed out that the main task of the people across the country has been transformed to focus on the development of social productive forces. But this approach later has not been seriously implemented, resulting in mistakes and setbacks of a series of guiding future work. In February 1957, for his "On the Correct Handling of Contradictions Among the People" speech presented correctly distinguish and deal with the doctrine of socialist society, between ourselves and the enemy and the contradictions of two different types of people.
    In July, proposed to "cause there are both centralism and democracy, both discipline and freedom, both unity of will and personal ease of mind and liveliness, as a political situation". 1958, launched the "Great Leap Forward" and the rural people's commune movement. 1959, presided over the Lushan meeting was convened. He wanted to correct the perceived error, the error later in the session to launch critical for Peng, after the error in the whole party to carry out "anti-rightist" struggle. Imposed on the national economy from the 1960 winter to 1965, under the leadership of the CPC Central Committee led to his "adjustment, consolidation, filling" approach, preliminary to correct the errors in the "Great Leap Forward" and the Movement of People, so that national economy to get a more rapid recovery and development. During this period, he made a series of measures, initially corrected the error of the rural work and other aspects of the "left". May 1965 weighing on Jinggangshan held in September 1962 Plenary Session of the Eighth CPC ten, his socialist society in a certain range of memory in the Class Struggle and absolute development of the anti-rightist in 1957, he struggle after the contradiction between the proletariat and the bourgeoisie is still the view of the principal contradiction in Chinese society. 1963 to 1965, launched in rural and urban socialist education movement, the proposed movement of the focus of the whole so-called "within the party of those in power taking the capitalist road". Since the 1950s, he co-leadership of the Soviet Communist Party leaders to pursue great-power chauvinism and interference in the attempt to control China waged a resolute struggle.
    In 1966, due to the extreme estimates on the situation of the domestic class struggle, he launched a "Cultural Revolution" movement, this movement is due to Lin Biao and Jiang Qing counterrevolutionary clique manipulation becomes particularly violent, far beyond his expectations and his control, as well as the continuation of a decade, so many ways by the severe damage and loss. In the "Cultural Revolution", Mao Zedong to stop and correct some of the specific error. He led the struggle to smash the Lin Biao counterrevolutionary clique, let's ambition to seize supreme leadership of Jiang Qing, Zhang Chunqiao to succeed. In 1974, Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai in the the Zhongnanhai pool living room, shook hands cordially. In foreign policy, Deng Xiaoping put forward the important thinking of "three worlds" strategy, China will never seek hegemony, and began to open a new situation in the external work to create a favorable international conditions for China's modernization drive. September 9, 1976, died in Beijing.
    Mao Zedong in his later years, although guilty of a serious error, but his life, he can not debate the merits of the Chinese revolution far outweigh his mistakes, his achievements was the first error is the second , he is still subject to the respect of the Chinese people. Communist Party of China in five years after his death, his revolutionary activities and revolutionary ideas in the form of the resolution of the Central Committee, a comprehensive evaluation. Mao Zedong Thought as the development of Marxism in China is still the guiding ideology of the Communist Party of China. His major works include income "Selected Works of Mao Zedong" (four volumes), "Mao Zedong" (eight volumes).
    (Text data from the National History Encyclopedia of the People's Republic of China <1949-1999> Encyclopedia of China Press, July 1999)